How to Take a Case to Court in the Czech Republic as an American Business: From Filing a Claim to Final Judgment

2.1.2026

If your Czech customer, supplier, or JV partner stops paying (or breaches a key contract), Czech civil litigation can be a fast, enforceable route to recovery—provided you file the right claim, in the right court, with the right evidence from day one. This article explains what American businesses typically underestimate about Czech civil litigation, filing a claim in the Czech Republic, and taking disputes to court with a leading Czech law firm in Prague, EU—and what to do next if you want results without procedural traps.

Need advice on this topic? Contact the ARROWS law firm by email office@arws.cz or phone +420 245 007 740. Your question will be answered by "Mgr. Vojtěch Sucharda", an expert on the subject.

When does Czech litigation make business sense (and when does it not)?

American companies often hesitate because “courts in Europe must take forever.” In practice, Czech courts can be very effective—especially when the claim is well-documented and the strategy is designed for Czech procedure, not U.S. expectations.

The key question is not “Can we sue?” but “Can we prove it under Czech procedural rules—quickly, in Czech, and with enforceable output?” That is the difference between a commercially useful lawsuit and an expensive distraction.

For immediate triage of your dispute, write to us at office@arws.cz. ARROWS is an international law firm operating from Prague, European Union, and cross-border disputes are handled daily.

What do you need to comply with before you file?

A Czech lawsuit is won or lost surprisingly early—often before the first hearing—because the court expects clarity and evidence discipline.

The most common “foreign claimant mistake” is treating jurisdiction, defendant identification, and evidence as items that can be fixed later. In Czech litigation, later is often too late. (This is closely connected to the Czech concept of the burden of proof—důkazní břemeno.)

Typical pre-filing issues ARROWS checks in practice:

Which court is competent (and whether a contractual choice-of-court clause controls)
Who is the correct defendant (parent vs. subsidiary; Czech entity vs. branch)
Whether the claim is better pursued as a payment order (platební rozkaz) scenario or a full dispute
Whether a pre-suit step is needed to protect recoverability of costs (see below)

Need legal help? Contact us at office@arws.cz.

FAQ – Legal tips about jurisdiction & strategy

Can an American company sue in the Czech Republic without a Czech entity?
Yes—foreign companies may litigate; the real issue is procedural execution and evidence in Czech. Get tailored legal solutions by writing to office@arws.cz.
Should the case be filed in Prague just because ARROWS is in Prague?
Not automatically. Venue depends on statutory rules and the contract; filing in the wrong court wastes months. Our lawyers are ready to assist you – email us at office@arws.cz.

How do you file a claim (žaloba) in the Czech Republic without procedural mistakes?

Czech law allows filing electronically, which is often ideal for foreign clients managing disputes remotely.

Key reality checks foreign businesses should know:

Any claim may be submitted electronically (e-mail with a certified electronic signature or via Data Box / datová schránka).
If a submission is sent by ordinary e-mail without the required signature, it must be “cured” within 3 days (otherwise the court can disregard it).
Court fees are payable; if the fee is not paid after the court’s request and deadline, the court can discontinue the proceedings.

A Czech statement of claim is not a narrative—it's a legally structured submission that must match the court’s procedural logic and anticipate what must be proven.

ARROWS typically supports foreign clients by drafting the full claim package, including contract analysis, evidence structure, damages theory, and litigation risk mapping (plus Czech/English project management). Do not hesitate to contact our firm – office@arws.cz.

Filing stage (foreign claimant traps)

Risks and penalties	How ARROWS helps (office@arws.cz)
Filing in the wrong court → delays, re-filing risk, leverage lost.	Jurisdiction analysis + litigation strategy memo (including cross-border angles).
Claim drafted “U.S.-style” (too narrative, weak legal framing) → court confusion, weaker evidence focus.	Statement of claim (žaloba) drafted to Czech standards + legal qualification.
Missing fee payment → proceedings can be discontinued.	End-to-end filing management, including fee logistics and confirmations.
Underestimating the burden of proof → case collapses even with “business truth”.	Evidence plan + witness/expert strategy from day one.

Can you use a “payment order” instead of full litigation?

For many commercial debts, the fastest route is a Czech payment order (platební rozkaz) or electronic payment order (elektronický platební rozkaz).

What matters in practice:

The electronic payment order can be used only electronically and is designed as an accelerated process.
If the defendant objects in time, the payment order is cancelled and the case continues as a standard dispute.

This looks simple on paper—but in real disputes, delivery/service problems, defendant tactics, or incorrect formal setup can destroy the “fast track” advantage. ARROWS evaluates early whether payment order strategy is realistic or whether it will only waste time. For immediate assistance, write to us at office@arws.cz.

How can you avoid legal risk in the service phase—especially when one party is in the U.S.?

Service of documents is not admin work; it is a litigation battlefield. Service determines deadlines, default judgment risk, and enforceability.

In the Czech Republic, courts commonly serve documents:

during a hearing, or
via Data Box if the recipient has one, or
through formal delivery mechanisms (postal operator/service body), including substituted service rules.

The “silent killer” in cross-border cases is defective service: it can make a strong claim unenforceable or trigger months of procedural litigation about whether the defendant was properly served.

U.S. angle: Hague Service Convention (do not improvise)

For serving Czech judicial documents abroad (or managing service involving the U.S.), the Hague Service Convention is often decisive. The Czech Republic’s Central Authority is the Ministry of Justice. The Convention framework also ties directly to Czech domestic service rules in the Civil Procedure Code.

If your dispute needs cross-border service planning, ARROWS can coordinate it through ARROWS International network—as an international law firm operating from Prague, European Union. Get tailored legal solutions by writing to office@arws.cz.

FAQ – Legal tips about service & translations

Can the court serve documents to a company via Data Box in the Czech Republic?
Yes, courts serve to data mailboxes where available; this can dramatically affect timing and “legal fiction” of delivery. Need legal help? Contact us at office@arws.cz.
Do U.S. documents have to be translated into Czech?
For cross-border service under the Hague framework, Czech practice requires Czech translation for execution via Central Authority channels. Our lawyers are ready to assist you – email us at office@arws.cz.

Service & language (cross-border exposure)

Risks and penalties	How ARROWS helps (office@arws.cz)
Defective service → deadline disputes, delays, enforceability problems.	Service strategy + monitoring + proof package.
U.S.–CZ cross-border service handled incorrectly → months lost, re-service needed.	Hague Service Convention coordination with cross-border partners via ARROWS International network.
Poor-quality translation → misunderstandings, evidentiary weakness.	Translation workflow + sworn translator coordination and litigation-ready formatting.
Counterparty “plays dead” to trigger substituted service effects.	Defence against service tactics, motions, and procedural responses..

What actually happens in a Czech courtroom (and why U.S. expectations fail)

Czech civil justice is not built around U.S.-style discovery. The system is more “front-loaded”: parties must plead and prove with discipline, and courts evaluate evidence under the principle of free evaluation.

Core practical implications for American businesses:

Burden of proof: each party must prove its relevant claims (linked to the “burden of allegation”).
The court may instruct parties if allegations/evidence are incomplete, but this does not replace your obligation to build the case file correctly.
Evidence is typically taken at hearings; witness questioning is led by the judge, with party questions permitted under control.

If the case depends on documents, timelines, and technical facts, the evidence architecture must be built before filing—because the Czech court will not “discover” your case for you. Need legal help? Contact us at office@arws.cz.

Evidence, hearings, and “hidden” procedural losses

Risks and penalties	How ARROWS helps (office@arws.cz)
Assuming “discovery will reveal it” → weak evidence record, failed claim.	Evidence matrix + litigation narrative anchored in admissible proof.
Underestimating expert evidence needs → expensive surprises mid-case.	Expert strategy + questions for expert opinion + budget control.
Poor hearing preparation → damaging admissions, credibility loss	Hearing preparation, witness prep, and courtroom representation.
Missing deadlines / procedural steps → default judgment risk in certain situations.	Deadline tracking + procedural defense handled daily by litigators.

What is the real cost exposure in Czech litigation?

Foreign clients often misprice Czech litigation because they use U.S. instincts (“each party pays its own lawyers”). In Czech litigation, cost risk management is a strategy pillar.

What foreign businesses should expect:

Court fee for a monetary claim is set by the statutory schedule. For example:

up to CZK 20,000 → CZK 1,000
CZK 20,000–40,000,000 → 5%
above CZK 40,000,000 → CZK 2,000,000 + 1% above CZK 40,000,000 (with additional cap mechanics)

Court fees generally become due when the action is lodged; non-payment after notice can result in discontinuance.
Lawyer cost reimbursement in court is linked to rules and tariff mechanisms (lawyers’ tariff), and courts decide the cost award in the final decision.

Even “winning” can be financially disappointing if the case is mishandled at the start—because costs, proof, and procedure are connected in ways foreign CFOs typically do not model correctly. For immediate assistance, write to us at office@arws.cz.

What’s the next step after judgment: appeal, extraordinary appeal, and enforcement

Appeal (odvolání)
In standard civil cases, an appeal is generally filed within 15 days from delivery of the written decision. Missing deadlines can be fatal; procedural time-limit rules are strict.

Extraordinary appeal to the Supreme Court (dovolání) – where U.S. companies get surprised
Extraordinary appeal is governed by the Code of Civil Procedure and heard by the Supreme Court. Key points for business planning:

It must be filed within two months of delivery of the appellate decision.
It targets legal issues, and admissibility is limited.
Representation by an attorney is generally mandatory (with limited exceptions).

Enforcement (getting paid)
A Czech judgment is only as good as its enforcement route. Enforcement can also be initiated electronically in Czech practice. Strategic enforcement planning (assets, registers, debtor structure, timing) is where ARROWS often saves foreign clients months.

The “final judgment” is not the finish line—enforcement readiness is built while the case is still being litigated. Our lawyers are ready to assist you – email us at office@arws.cz.

Why foreign clients choose ARROWS for Czech litigation

ARROWS is a leading Czech law firm in Prague, EU—a reliable European base (“safe European harbour”) for foreign businesses that need disputes handled without local trial-and-error.

What that means in real files:

Daily litigation agenda: faster risk identification, fewer procedural mistakes, better predictability
Cross-border coordination via ARROWS International network (operating in 90 countries globally) for service, evidence, and multi-jurisdiction strategy
Scale and credibility: ARROWS supports 150+ joint-stock companies, 250+ limited liability companies, and 51 municipalities and regions
Insured for damages up to CZK 500,000,000, which materially reduces client operational risk in high-stakes disputes

ARROWS is also known for speed and high quality—and can connect clients with one another when business or investment interests align.

If you do not want to risk procedural errors, delays, damages, or avoidable fines, the safest approach is to leave the full dispute agenda to ARROWS and keep your management focused on business. Contact the office at office@arws.cz.

FAQ – Most common legal questions about taking a case to court in the Czech Republic

1. Do Czech courts allow fully electronic filing for civil lawsuits?
Yes, claims can be filed electronically (e-mail with certified signature or Data Box), and electronic filing rules are established and widely used. For immediate assistance, write to us at office@arws.cz.

2. What is the typical appeal deadline after a first-instance judgment?
Generally, an appeal must be filed within 15 days of delivery of the written decision. Need legal help? Contact us at office@arws.cz

3. Can a Czech “payment order” be stopped by the defendant?
Yes—if the defendant files an opposition/response in time, the payment order route converts into standard litigation. Our lawyers are ready to assist you – email us at office@arws.cz.

4. How much is the court fee for a Czech monetary claim?
It is set by the statutory fee schedule (often percentage-based; e.g., 5% within a wide band, with thresholds and caps). Get tailored legal solutions by writing to office@arws.cz.

5. How should an American company plan cross-border service between the U.S. and Czech Republic?
Treat it as a legal project under the Hague Service Convention with the Czech Ministry of Justice as Central Authority—incorrect service can destroy timing and enforceability. Do not hesitate to contact our firm – office@arws.cz.

6. Is a Czech attorney mandatory for Supreme Court extraordinary appeal (dovolání)?
In most cases, yes—qualified representation is generally required, with narrow exceptions. For immediate assistance, write to us at office@arws.cz.